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          <span data-v-25ba6db2>2021 - </span>
          2024
        </a></span></div></div> <div data-v-1aefc0b4><main class="page" style="padding-right:0;"><section><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">HTML+CSS知识点总结</h1> <div data-v-f875f3fc><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-f875f3fc><span data-v-f875f3fc>kasnars</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-f875f3fc><span data-v-f875f3fc>3/12/2024</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-eye" data-v-f875f3fc><span id="/markdown-blog/docs/theme-reco/htmlcss.html" data-flag-title="Your Article Title" class="leancloud-visitors" data-v-f875f3fc><a class="leancloud-visitors-count" style="font-size:.9rem;font-weight:normal;color:#999;"></a></span></i> <i class="tags iconfont reco-tag" data-v-f875f3fc><span class="tag-item" data-v-f875f3fc>HTML</span><span class="tag-item" data-v-f875f3fc>CSS</span><span class="tag-item" data-v-f875f3fc>面经</span></i></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><h2 id="html相关"><a href="#html相关" class="header-anchor">#</a> HTML相关</h2> <h3 id="html语义化的意义"><a href="#html语义化的意义" class="header-anchor">#</a> HTML语义化的意义</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>让人更容易读懂，增加代码的可读性，提升合作效率</li> <li>让机器更容易读懂，利于SEO优化，无障碍阅读等功能</li></ul></details> <h3 id="块状元素和内联元素有哪些"><a href="#块状元素和内联元素有哪些" class="header-anchor">#</a> 块状元素和内联元素有哪些</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>块状： display:block;display:table;div,h1,table,ul,ol,p</li> <li>内联： display:inline;display:inline-block;span,img,input,button</li></ul></details> <h2 id="css相关"><a href="#css相关" class="header-anchor">#</a> CSS相关</h2> <h3 id="盒模型宽度计算"><a href="#盒模型宽度计算" class="header-anchor">#</a> 盒模型宽度计算</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>offsetWidth = (内容宽度+内边距+边框)【无外边框】</li></ul></details> <h3 id="margin纵向重叠是什么"><a href="#margin纵向重叠是什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> margin纵向重叠是什么</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>相邻的margin-top和margin-bottom会重叠，中间的空标签也会被重叠（塌陷）</li></ul></details> <h3 id="margin各个方向的负值有什么效果"><a href="#margin各个方向的负值有什么效果" class="header-anchor">#</a> margin各个方向的负值有什么效果</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>top，left为负值时，元素分别向上和左移动</li> <li>right为负时，右侧元素往左移动（右侧元素向自身靠近）</li> <li>bottom为负时，下方元素上移（下方元素向自身靠近）</li></ul></details> <h3 id="什么是bfc"><a href="#什么是bfc" class="header-anchor">#</a> 什么是BFC</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>块级格式化上下文</li> <li>一块独立渲染须臾，内部元素的渲染不会影响边界外元素</li></ul></details> <h3 id="形成bfc条件"><a href="#形成bfc条件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 形成BFC条件</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>设置float（不为none）</li> <li>postion为absolute或fixed</li> <li>overflow不是visable</li> <li>displ为felx或者line-block等</li></ul></details> <h3 id="如何利用bfc清除浮动"><a href="#如何利用bfc清除浮动" class="header-anchor">#</a> 如何利用BFC清除浮动</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>overflow：hidden</li></ul></details> <h3 id="圣杯布局与双飞翼布局"><a href="#圣杯布局与双飞翼布局" class="header-anchor">#</a> 圣杯布局与双飞翼布局</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>三栏布局，两侧内容固定，中间内容自适应</li> <li>用于PC布局</li> <li>实现方法</li></ul> <div class="language-css line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code>float，position：absolute，flex，table，grid
<span class="token comment">/* 思路： float：1.两侧margin可以用负值2.防止中间的内容重叠一个padding一个margin */</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></details> <h3 id="手写clearfix"><a href="#手写clearfix" class="header-anchor">#</a> 手写clearfix</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <div class="language-css line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token selector">.clearfix::after</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>table<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>both<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></details> <h3 id="flex常用属性"><a href="#flex常用属性" class="header-anchor">#</a> flex常用属性</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <div class="language-css line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token selector">div</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
    <span class="token comment">/* 主轴对齐方向 */</span>
    flex-direction 
    <span class="token comment">/* 主轴对齐方式x */</span>
    justify-content
    <span class="token comment">/* 交叉轴对齐方式y */</span>
    align-item
    <span class="token comment">/* 换行 */</span>
    flex-wary
    <span class="token comment">/* 子元素基于自身对齐 */</span>
    align-flex
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div></details> <h3 id="基于flex实现一个三点骰子"><a href="#基于flex实现一个三点骰子" class="header-anchor">#</a> 基于flex实现一个三点骰子</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <div class="language-css line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token selector">.box</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">justify-content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>space-between<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.item:nth-child(2)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">align-self</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>center<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token selector">.item:nth-child(3)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">align-self</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>flex-end<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div></details> <h3 id="absolute和relative定位之间的区别"><a href="#absolute和relative定位之间的区别" class="header-anchor">#</a> absolute和relative定位之间的区别</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>relative是根据自身来定位</li> <li>absolute是根据最近一层的定位元素定位（父元素往上找有absolute，relative，fixed的元素，没有的话直接找body）</li></ul></details> <h3 id="实现居中对齐"><a href="#实现居中对齐" class="header-anchor">#</a> 实现居中对齐</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>inline元素： text-align:center</li> <li>block元素: margin:0 auto</li> <li>absolute:left50%；margin-left:负值</li></ul></details> <h3 id="实现垂直居中"><a href="#实现垂直居中" class="header-anchor">#</a> 实现垂直居中</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>inline元素： line-height = 自身的height</li> <li>absolute:
<ol><li>top;50%+margin-top负值</li> <li>transfrom(-50%,-50%)</li> <li>top,bottom,left,right都为0的时候：margin:auto</li></ol></li></ul></details> <h3 id="line-height继承逻辑"><a href="#line-height继承逻辑" class="header-anchor">#</a> line-height继承逻辑</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>具体数值直接继承</li> <li>写比例则继承比例（1/2）</li> <li>百分比情况下继承百分比计算后的值</li></ul></details> <h3 id="rem是什么"><a href="#rem是什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> rem是什么</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>相对于根元素（html）的大小单位（em是相对于夫元素）</li></ul></details> <h3 id="响应式常见方案"><a href="#响应式常见方案" class="header-anchor">#</a> 响应式常见方案</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>media-query: 根据不同屏幕去设置html里的font-size</li></ul></details> <h3 id="vh-vw是什么-相比rem有什么优势"><a href="#vh-vw是什么-相比rem有什么优势" class="header-anchor">#</a> vh，vw是什么，相比rem有什么优势</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>rem的弊端： 具有阶梯型，需要一级一级设置</li> <li>1vw为网页视口宽度的1/100</li> <li>1vh为网页视口宽度的1/100</li> <li>vmax取两者的最大值，vmin取两者最小值</li> <li>window.innerHeight = 100vh</li></ul></details> <h3 id="网页视口尺寸是什么"><a href="#网页视口尺寸是什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> 网页视口尺寸是什么</h3> <details class="custom-block details"><summary>答案</summary> <ul><li>屏幕高度：window.screen.height</li> <li>网页视口: window.innerHeight</li> <li>body高度: document.body.clientHeight</li></ul></details></div></section> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Last Updated: </span> <span class="time">3/2/2024, 4:03:56 PM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----> <span class="next"><a href="/markdown-blog/docs/theme-reco/js.html">
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